UK Energy Performance

National Overview Dashboard • 2024 EPC Data

Performance

How the housing stock performs today — energy rating distribution across property types and age bands, and which building components are rated weakest.

Lowest Rated Building Components

Percentage of properties with a Poor or Very Poor rating for each building component, measured by energy efficiency or CO₂ impact.

A single EPC band hides where a property is losing energy. Component ratings break that open — a D-rated house might have excellent lighting but terrible walls. Showing both the energy and CO₂ scales matters because they can point to different priorities.

% of properties

Walls33%

Roof13%

Heating(CO₂: 12%)9%

Windows5%

Lighting3%

1,646,095 properties

Walls are the biggest efficiency weakness — 33% of properties have poor wall insulation

Heating shows the biggest divergence — 12% poor for CO₂ vs 9% for energy (3pp gap)

Lowest Rated Building Components

Estimated Annual Running Costs

Average annual running costs based on SAP-modelled energy use with standardised fuel prices. Shows current costs vs what could be achieved with recommended improvements.

The EPC energy efficiency score is fundamentally a cost metric — it estimates annual running costs per square metre, then converts to a 1–100 scale. This chart shows the actual cost figures behind those scores.

1,432,728 properties

Average estimated annual cost is £1,411, dropping to £1,049 if all recommended improvements were made — a potential saving of £362/yr per property

Estimated Annual Running Costs

Tenure Comparison

Owner-occupied

810K properties

66.3

Efficiency

CO₂/yr

Social Rented

352K properties

Efficiency

2.48t

CO₂/yr

Private Rented

308K properties

67.8

Efficiency

3.05t

CO₂/yr

Social housing outperforms with highest efficiency and lowest CO₂

Tenure Comparison

Data source: UK Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) Register • 2024 Lodgements

1.65M PropertiesEngland & WalesJan–Dec 2024

Discover more about how we built this dashboard and why.

Lowest Rated Building Components

Percentage of properties with a Poor or Very Poor rating for each building component, measured by energy efficiency or CO₂ impact.

% of properties

Walls33%

Roof13%

Heating(CO₂: 12%)9%

Windows5%

Lighting3%

1,646,095 properties

Walls are the biggest efficiency weakness — 33% of properties have poor wall insulation

Heating shows the biggest divergence — 12% poor for CO₂ vs 9% for energy (3pp gap)

Estimated Annual Running Costs

Average annual running costs based on SAP-modelled energy use with standardised fuel prices. Shows current costs vs what could be achieved with recommended improvements.

1,432,728 properties

Average estimated annual cost is £1,411, dropping to £1,049 if all recommended improvements were made — a potential saving of £362/yr per property